Samba Music, beat of the Rio Carnival

Wed, Feb 6th 2008, 00:00

Samba Music in Brazil is Carnival music … it is the rhythm of Rio de Janiero born on her streets, a symbol of harmony between different flavours and cultures.


Samba music has its roots in Afro-Brazilian culture. Brazil is a melting pot of influences, from the African slaves who were brought here from West Africa by the Portuguese colonists, to the Indians and local Brazilians. The fusion of traditional musical styles with African drumming and chanting is the key to samba music.

The term Samba music often includes several styles of music‚ from samba and samba-reggae‚ to afro bloc‚ maracatu‚ and baio. But when they speak about Samba in Rio de Janiero, they are speaking of carnival music.

When slavery was abolished in Brazil, there was a mass migration of people into the favelas of Rio de Janiero. Here they continued their traditional dance ceremonies, samba de roda, where blocos (groups of dancers) danced inside a ring, moving to the beat of African drum accompanied by percussion music. When the rest of the city was celebrating carnival, they held their own dance celebrations in the favelas.

This dancing was initially frowned on by the rest of Rio de Janiero but slowly the rhythm found favour with carnival goers. And, from the beginning of the 19th Century, samba music and rhythm was the heart of the Rio Carnival.

Today’s samba schools which compete at carnival are descendants of the neighbourhood blocos. They traditionally assembled at schools to practice their dances, thus the name samba schools.

A samba school can have over 3000 members, though not all of them will participate in the carnival parade. The team involved in carnival is massive, from singers (puxadores), the drumming section (bateria) and other musicians, to dancers‚ puppet masters, float pushers and flag bearers. All are elaborately adorned in fantastical costumes. There is also an army of people behind the scenes‚ building the props and floats‚ making costumes‚ and planning the show.

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