Lima Province, which contains the city of Lima, the country's capital, is located on the western part of the Lima Region. However, this province is autonomous and not part of the region.

The region is bordered by the Ancash Region on the north, the Huánuco, Pasco and Junín on the east, the Huancavelica Region on the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean and the Lima Province on the west.

The region has a coastal and an Andean zone, and has a great diversity of natural regions: the Costa or Chala (0 to 500 meters above sea level) up to the Janca or Cordillera (over 4800 meters). The predominating regions are the Yunga (500 to 2300 meters above sea level) and Quechua (2300 to 3500 meters).